Layer breeds are chickens specifically selected for egg production. They are generally divided into light, medium, and heavy categories based on body size and laying capacity. Light breeds include White Leghorn, Brown Leghorn, and Black Minorca. Adult females weigh about 2 kg, while males weigh up to 2.5 kg. White Leghorns are efficient egg producers, laying a large number of white eggs. Their small body size allows them to convert feed efficiently and tolerate high temperatures. However, they are relatively nervous and produce less meat at the end of the laying period, which has led farmers to prefer hybrid crosses.
Hybrid layers are exotic chickens bred for commercial egg production in intensive systems. They are widely distributed in Central, Western, Eastern, Lake Basin, and Coastal regions of Kenya. Major hybrid types include Isa Brown, Bovans, Hyline, and Shavers. These birds have smooth white plumage, a single comb, medium-sized beaks, and yellow or amber eyes.
Hybrid layers are highly productive and grow quickly, with daily weight gains of 350–450 grams. They reach slaughter weight of 1.5–2 kg between four and eight weeks, although they are primarily raised for eggs rather than meat. Their management requires controlled feeding, good housing, and preventive health care. Hybrid layers thrive under intensive production systems, often housed in deep litter or cage systems with regulated light and nutrition to optimize egg output.
Due to their high productivity, hybrid layers are the preferred choice for commercial egg farms, while light traditional breeds remain common in smallholder and backyard systems. Proper management ensures consistent egg production and improved farm profitability.