Geese are mainly kept for security due to their sharp eyesight and loud, strident calls, although they also provide meat and eggs. They are widely distributed across most regions of Kenya except the arid and semi-arid areas. The most common types are white and grey. Geese belong to the duck family but are larger in size and feed primarily on grass and other herbage. They spend little time in water and do not dive when swimming. They are hardy birds and can live for more than 20 years under proper management, making them a long-term and low-cost asset for farmers.
Geese display distinct physical characteristics. Their plumage is usually white or grey and may be plain or speckled, while the feather structure is smooth. They have brown eyes, and both the beak and shank are yellow. Mature males weigh between 9 and 10 kg, while females weigh between 8 and 9 kg. The dressed carcass weight ranges from 6 to 8 kg, and egg production is relatively low at 20 to 30 eggs per year. Males reach sexual maturity at 11 to 12 months, while females mature slightly earlier at 8 to 10 months.
Geese are highly social and form strong flock structures with clear hierarchy. They are territorial during breeding and can be aggressive when threatened. They thrive in extensive systems where they graze freely and require access to water and shelter. Their ability to utilize pasture efficiently reduces feeding costs and makes them suitable for smallholder farming systems.