Overview
Lucerne, also known as alfalfa, is a perennial legume widely grown in Kenya for its high-protein forage. It serves as a key feed for dairy and beef cattle and is valued in cut-and-carry systems, pastures, and hay production. The plant fixes nitrogen, enriching the soil while supporting companion grasses. Key regions include Nakuru, Uasin Gishu, Kiambu, Nyeri, Meru, and Laikipia. Its deep roots make it drought-tolerant and allow it to thrive in well-drained soils, producing consistent biomass throughout the year.

Varieties
Commonly grown varieties include Sirius, Giza, and Medicago 99. These differ in regrowth rate, biomass production, and tolerance to diseases and climate. Some varieties are better suited to cooler highlands, while others tolerate warmer conditions. Variety choice affects forage quality, persistence, and overall productivity.

Climate & Soil
Lucerne grows best in temperate to warm climates with temperatures between 15–30 °C and annual rainfall of 600–1,200 mm. It prefers well-drained loamy soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH of 6.5–7.5. Poor drainage or heavy clay soils reduce growth and root development, while consistent moisture promotes vigorous leaf and stem development.

Growth & Propagation
Lucerne propagates through seeds and establishes as dense, deep-rooted clumps. Its upright stems and fine leaves provide high-quality forage. Frequent regrowth maintains lush pastures and ensures a continuous feed supply.

Nutritional Value
Rich in protein, calcium, and digestible fiber. It supports milk production, weight gain, and overall livestock health.

Uses & Market Potential
The plant is used as green fodder, hay, or silage. Its high nutritive value and soil-enriching properties make it vital for sustainable livestock systems. Demand for seed and processed forage offers strong market opportunities.