Cashew nut is a tropical tree crop grown for its edible kernels and the cashew apple, which farmers can also process into juice and other products. It performs well in warm coastal environments and supports both domestic consumption and export markets. In Kenya, farmers mainly grow it in Kilifi, Kwale, Lamu, and parts of Taita Taveta. Because the tree tolerates dry conditions, it remains an important crop in areas where rainfall is unreliable. In addition, cashew trees provide long-term income once they mature and start producing consistently.
Varieties and Planting Material
Farmers grow improved grafted cashew varieties alongside traditional landraces. Improved types deliver higher yields, larger nuts, and better uniformity, which strengthens market value. In contrast, local varieties adapt more easily to harsh conditions but often produce lower yields. Therefore, farmers choose planting material based on rainfall levels, market access, and production goals.
Growing Conditions
Cashew grows best in temperatures between 24–32 °C and rainfall ranging from 600–1,200 mm. It thrives in well-drained sandy or sandy loam soils with a pH of 5.0–6.5. Because the crop requires full sunlight, shaded areas reduce flowering and yield. Moreover, waterlogging weakens root systems and increases disease risk, so proper drainage remains essential.
Growth and Harvesting
The tree establishes slowly at first, but it develops into a spreading canopy over time. After flowering, nuts form together with cashew apples and gradually mature. Once ready, nuts fall naturally, or farmers harvest them directly from the tree. Afterward, they dry the nuts before processing or sale.
Nutritional Value
Cashew nuts provide healthy fats, protein, magnesium, zinc, and antioxidants. As a result, they support heart health, energy production, and immune function.
Uses and Market Potential
Farmers process cashew into snacks, cooking oil, and butter, while processors use cashew apples for juice and fermentation products. Consequently, strong export demand continues to drive investment in orchards, processing, and value addition across the value chain.