Arabicum
Arabicum is a high-value summer cut flower grown in Kenya for export markets, especially the EU, Middle East, and Australia. Farmers prize it for its white star-shaped blooms with striking yellow centres and strong vase life. It grows mainly in cool highland zones such as Limuru, Kericho, Embu, Redhill, and areas around Naivasha. In addition, many smallholder farmers cultivate it because it matures fast and delivers good returns per unit area.
Varieties
Kenya mainly produces Ornithogalum arabicum for export, although Adenium arabicum also appears in ornamental production systems. Ornithogalum produces elegant white star flowers on tall spikes and performs well under controlled field systems. On the other hand, Adenium arabicum shows succulent growth with thick stems and pink to reddish blooms. Farmers select varieties based on stem strength, flower size, uniformity, and export quality standards.
Climate & Soil
Arabisum thrives at 1,500–2,000 metres above sea level. It performs best under temperatures of 22°C–28°C and requires a cool to moderate climate. In addition, it prefers deep, fertile, well-drained soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. Poor drainage increases bulb rot risk, so growers avoid waterlogged fields.
Propagation & Planting
Farmers propagate arabicum mainly through bulbs and bulb-lets. They sun-cure planting material for 7–9 weeks before establishment. After that, they plant bulbs in raised beds spaced about 10 cm within rows and 20 cm between rows. Proper orientation with roots facing downward improves sprouting and uniform growth.
Field Management & Harvesting
Growers apply manure and balanced NPK fertilisers to support strong vegetative growth. However, they limit excess nitrogen to avoid weak stems. Moreover, they irrigate regularly to maintain steady moisture levels during bulb development. Harvesting begins 3–4 months after planting when 2–3 flowers open on each spike. Farmers cut stems at the base, then grade them by length (40 cm, 50 cm, and 70 cm). Finally, they cool, pack, and maintain a strict cold chain to preserve export quality.